Dr Giulia Gentile
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Email
giulia.gentile@essex.ac.uk -
Location
5S.7.20, Colchester Campus
Profile
Biography
Giulia Gentile is Lecturer in Law at Essex Law School. Her research focuses on the promotion of human rights in the digital society and EU constitutional law. She is particularly interested in the use of AI in the legal profession and in justice systems. Currently, she is a co-PI for the EU Horizon 2021-2027 collaborative project EXPRESS2. She joined Essex Law School in 2023, having previously worked as Fellow at LSE Law School, Teaching Fellow and Postdoctoral Researcher at Maastricht University. She holds a PhD and an LLM from King’s College London, where she also worked as Visiting Lecturer in Law. During her doctoral studies she was awarded research scholarships by the Centre of European Law at King’s College London and the Max Planck Institute of European Procedural Law (Luxembourg). Her PhD thesis won the 2021 European Public Law Organization PhD Thesis Prize. Giulia has led several research projects funded among others from the EU Commission and UKRI on the rule of law, public values and digitisation. She held funded positions as visiting scholar at the European University Institute (Florence), the Centre de droit européen of the University Panthéon-Assas (Paris) and the Max Planck Institute of European Procedural Law (Luxembourg). Her research was published in journals such as the Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, the German Law Journal and International and Comparative Law Quarterly. Her academic work was cited, among others, by the UK Parliament, Advocates General at the Court of Justice, the European Banking Authority, the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission and the Slovenian Constitutional Court. Giulia has provided expert evidence to the UK Parliament on issues concerning the protection of fundamental rights in the UK and digital regulation, and to the European Commission concerning the political rights of the disabled and e-voting procedures. Currently, she is Research Co-Director on AI at Digital Constitutionalism and Policy (DICOPO) and a member of the Scientific Council of the Centre for AI & Digital Humanism (Digihumanism). She has also acted as Project Assistant for the research project ‘Fundamental Constitutional Principles’ funded by the European Law Institute and aimed at formulating fundamental constitutional principles, identifying their content, and providing guidance on their application to public authorities, courts, and citizens. Giulia is a qualified lawyer at the Italian Bar Association and has gained legal experience, among others, at the chambers of Judge Lucia Serena Rossi at the Court of Justice of the European Union and at the M&A Department of Clifford Chance (Milan).
Qualifications
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Fellow Higher Education Academy, (2023)
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PhD King's College London, (2021)
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LLM King's College London, (2016)
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Law Degree University of Naples Federico II, (2014)
Appointments
University of Essex
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Deputy Director of UG Recruitment & Admissions, Essex Law School (1/1/2024 - present)
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Research Cluster Coordinator: Law and Technology, Essex Law School (1/1/2024 - present)
Teaching and supervision
Current teaching responsibilities
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Digital Technologies, Law and Society (LW368)
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Data Protection Law in the Digital Age (LW656)
Publications
Journal articles (16)
Gentile, G., Giulia Gentile, 'Book Review: Relative Authority of Judicial and Extra-Judicial Review: EU Courts, Boards of Appeal, Ombudsman, by Michal Krajewski. (Ombudsman. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2021)', (2023), 60, Common Market Law Review, Issue 4, pp. 1169-1172
Gentile, G., Ensuring Effective Judicial Review of EU Soft Law via the Action for Annulment Before the EU Courts: A Plea for a Liberal-Constitutional Approach. SSRN Electronic Journal
Gentile, G., (2024). Human Law, Human Lawyers and the Emerging AI Faith. LSE Public Policy Review. 3 (3)
Gentile, G. and Sartori, D., (2023). Interim Measures as “Weapons of Democracy” in the European Legal Space. European Human Rights Law Review. 2023 (1), 18-31
Gentile, G., (2023). Effective judicial protection: enforcement, judicial federalism and the politics of EU law. European Law Open. 2 (1), 128-143
Gentile, G., (2023). Judicial Protection of Fundamental Rights on the Internet: A Road Towards Digital Constitutionalism? by Oreste Pollicino. International Journal of Law and Information Technology. 30 (4), 507-511
Gentile, G., (2022). One, No one, One Hundred Thousand: The Multi-faceted Effectiveness of EU Law. European Review of Public Law. 34 (3)
Gentile, G., (2022). Autonomous but interdependent: Constitutional traditions on judicial protection and the general principle of effective judicial protection. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law. 29 (6), 685-707
Gentile, G. and Lynskey, O., (2022). Deficient by design? The transnational enforcement of the GDPR. International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 71 (4), 799-830
Gentile, G., (2021). To be or not to be (legally binding)? Judicial review of EU soft law after BT and Fédération Bancaire Française. Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo. 70 (70), 981-1005
Popelier, P., Gentile, G. and van Zimmeren, E., (2021). Bridging the gap between facts and norms: mutual trust, the European Arrest Warrant and the rule of law in an interdisciplinary context. European Law Journal. 27 (1-3), 167-184
Gentile, G., (2020). Ensuring Effective Judicial Review of EU Soft Law via the Action for Annulment before the EU Courts: a Plea for a Liberal-Constitutional Approach. European Constitutional Law Review. 16 (3), 466-492
Gentile, G., (2020). The ECJ as the EU Court of Appeal: some evidence from the appeal case-law on the non-contractual liability of the EU. Review of European Administrative Law. 13 (1), 73-107
Gentile, G., (2020). Two Strings to One Bow? Article 47 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights in the EU Competition Case Law: Between Procedural and Substantive Fairness. Market and Competition Law Review. 4 (2), 169-204
Tridimas, T. and Gentile, G., (2019). The Essence of Rights: An Unreliable Boundary?. German Law Journal. 20 (6), 794-816
Andrea, B. and Giulia, G., (2019). National Procedural Autonomy
Books (4)
Deplano, R., Gentile, G., Lonardo, L. and Nowak, T., (2024). Interdisciplinary Research Methods in Eu Law A Handbook. Edward Elgar. 1802205845. 9781802205848
Bonelli, M., Eliantonio, M. and Gentile, G., (2023). Article 47 of the EU Charter and Effective Judicial Protection, Volume 2: The National Courts’ Perspectives. Bloomsbury. 1509947965. 9781509947997
Bonelli, M., Eliantonio, M. and Gentile, G., (2022). Article 47 of the EU Charter and Effective Judicial Protection, Volume 1: The Court of Justice’s Perspective. Hart Publishing. 150994799X. 9781509947997
(2019). Pluralising International Legal Scholarship. Edward Elgar Publishing. 1788976363. 9781788976367
Book chapters (18)
Gentile, G., Artificial Intelligence and the Crises of Judicial Power: (Not) Cutting the Gordian Knot?. Editors: . Oxford University Press. 9780198877820
Gentile, G., (2026). Research Method(s) in EU law: Some Critical Reflections and an Untold Story. In: Empirical Legal Studies in EU law. Editors: Zglinski, J., Sadl, U. and Naurin, D., . Cambridge University Press
Gentile, G., (2025). Between Online and Offline Due Process: the Digital Services Act. In: New Directions in Digitalisation: Perspectives from EU Competition Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Editors: Engel, A. and Groussot, X., . Springer Nature Switzerland. 219- 238. 9783031653803
Gentile, G., (2025). The (In)Effectiveness of EU Data Protection: A Rejoinder. In: Digital Constitutionalism. Editors: Spiecker, I., Schertel Ferreira Mendes, L. and Campos, R., . Nomos
Gentile, G., (2024). EU Judicial Federalism: A Conceptual Analysis. In: Process Federalism in EU Law. Editors: Groussot, X. and Harvey, D.,
Gentile, G., (2024). Does Big Brother exist? Face Recognition Technology in the United Kingdom. In: The Cambridge Handbook on Facial Recognition in the Modern State. Editors: Matulionyte, R. and Zalnieriute, M., . Cambridge University Press. 9781009321211
Gentile, G., Glavina, M. and Nowak, T., (2024). The application of EU law from the national judge’s perspective: a plea for an interdisciplinary approach. In: Interdisciplinary research methods in EU law; a Handbook. Editors: Deplano, R., Gentile, G., Lonardo, L. and Nowak, T., . Edward Elgar. 225- 246. 9781802205855
Deplano, R., Gentile, G., Lonardo, L. and Nowak, T., (2024). Introduction to Interdisciplinary Research Methods in EU Law. In: Interdisciplinary Research Methods in EU Law. Edward Elgar Publishing. 1- 5. 9781802205848
Gentile, G., (2023). Article 47 Charter in the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU: between EU constitutional essentialism and the enhancement of justice in the Member States. In: Civil Courts and the European Polity: The constitutional role of private law adjudication in Europe. Editors: Mak, C. and Kas, B., . Hart Publishing. 141- 160. 9781509941674
Gentile, G., (2023). The Power of Procedure: Fundamental Rights in the Action for Annulment before EU Courts. In: Mechanisms to Redress Human Rights Violations by the EU (Cambridge University Press, Forthcoming). Editors: Fink, M., . Cambridge University Press
Gentile, G., (2023). Drawing the Lines between Validity and Bindingness in EU Law: The FBF Case. In: Yearbook on Procedural Law of the Court of Justice of the European Union Fourth Edition – 2022. Editors: Sarmiento, D., Ruiz Fabri, H. and Hess, B., . Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for Procedural Law
Bonelli, M., Eliantonio, M. and Gentile, G., (2023). Introduction. In: Article 47 of the EU Charter and Effective Judicial Protection The National Courts' Perspectives. Volume 2,. Editors: Bonelli, M., Eliantonio, M. and Gentile, G., . Hart Publishing. 1- 6. 9781509948024
Bonelli, M., Eliantonio, M. and Gentile, G., (2023). Article 47 of the Charter and the Principle of Effective Judicial Protection before National Courts: Comparative Remarks. In: Article 47 of the EU Charter and Effective Judicial Protection, Volume 2 The National Courts’ Perspectives. Hart Publishing. 241- 258. 150994799X. 9781509947997
Gentile, G. and Menzione, S., (2022). Searching the Pieces of the EU's Justice Puzzle: Articles 47, 48, 49 and 50 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. In: Article 47 of the EU Charter and Effective Judicial Protection – The Court of Justice’s Perspective. Editors: Bonelli, M., Eliantonio, M. and Gentile, G., . Hart. 27- 44. 9781509947942
Bonelli, M., Eliantonio, M. and Gentile, G., (2022). Introduction. In: Article 47 of the EU Charter and Effective Judicial Protection The Court of Justice's perspective. Volume 1. 1509947973. 9781509947973
Bonelli, M., Eliantonio, M. and Gentile, G., (2022). Conclusions. In: Article 47 of the EU Charter and Effective Judicial Protection The Court of Justice's perspective. Volume 1. Hart Publishing. 273- 286. 1509947973. 9781509947973
Gentile, G., (2021). ‘Verba Volant, Quoque (Soft Law) Scripta?’: An Analysis of the Legal Effects of National Soft Law Implementing EU Soft Law in France and the UK. In: EU Soft Law in the Member States: Theoretical Findings and Empirical Evidence. 77- 99
Gentile, G. and Lonardo, L., (2019). Appeals in the field of EU sanctions before the European Court of Justice after Lisbon: a quantitative study. In: Pluralising International Legal Scholarship. Edward Elgar Publishing. 127- 148. 9781788976367
Reports and Papers (8)
Gentile, G., 'Faraway, so Close!' The Principle of Effective Judicial Protection and the Constitutional Traditions Common to the Member States
Gentile, G., (2024). Navigating uncertainty: the future of Legal AI
Cantero Gamito, M. and Gentile, G., (2023). Algorithms, rule of law, and the future of justice: implications in the Estonian justice system
Gentile, G., Bruter, Harrison and Vives, (2023). Study on E-Voting practices in the EU JUST/2021/OP/0002
Gentile, G., Obradovic and Bruter, (2023). Study on participation of citizens with disabilities in elections JUST/2021/OP/0002
Gentile, G., (2022). "The Bill of Rights Bill and the damages of UK’s unilateralism"
Gentile, G., (2022). Too Unpredictable to be Tamed? The Management of Emergencies and Crises in the EU
Gentile, G., (2022). AI in the Courtroom and Judicial Independence: An EU Perspective
Scholarly Editions (1)
Demkova, S., Fink, M., Gentile, G., Sanchez Graells, A. and Brito Bastos, F., (2023). Safeguarding the Right to Good Administration in the Age of AI
Thesis dissertation (1)
Gentile, G., Multi-faceted effectiveness: a critical study of the conceptions of effectiveness in EU Law
Other (9)
Gentile, G., Will the EU Retained Law Bill lead to legal chaos?
Gentile, G. and Murray, A., Written evidence Submitted to the Science and Technology Committee,https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/113787/pdf/
Gentile, G. and Bonelli, M., The Jurisprudence of Small Steps (La jurisprudence des petits pas). SSRN Electronic Journal,Elsevier BV
Gentile, G., (2023).Strengthening the effectiveness of EU law via judicial incrementalism: YP and Others and MM (C-615/20)
Gentile, G. and De Gregorio, G., (2023).The digitisation of justice risks blurring the lines between public and private actors
Gentile, G., (2023).LawGPT? How AI is Reshaping the Legal Profession
Gentile, G., (2022).Reconciling the effective judicial protection of EU rights, procedural autonomy and national judicial politics: Randstad Italia. EU Law Live
Gentile, G. and Bonelli, M., (2021).La jurisprudence des petits pas: C-561/19, Consorzio Italian Management, Catania Multiservizi SpA v Rete Ferroviaria Italiana SpA
Gentile, G., Husovec, M. and Murray, A., (2021).Submission of evidence to the House of Lords Communications and Digital Select Committee inquiry into Digital Regulation
Grants and funding
2023
EXPRESS 2 SPECIFY AND PROTECT THE EU SOCIAL CONTRACT (EXPRESS2)
European Commission
Contact
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