People

Dr Benjamin Skinner

Lecturer
School of Life Sciences
Dr Benjamin Skinner

Profile

Biography

I'm a biologist interested in structural and evolutionary genomics - how genomes and the chromosomes they contain change and rearrange over time. My research group looks at this from a variety of directions, primarily computational. - we study shape and organisation of chromatin in asymmetric cell nuclei - for example sperm - which can give information on mechanisms of chromatin packaging during cellular differentiation. We have developed image analysis software to allow high-throughput detection of nuclear shapes from microscopy data and morphometric analysis. - we look at the the evolution of sex chromosomes, and use computational methods to analyse DNA sequencing data from various species to detect gene amplications and copy number variation between individuals or species. - we investigate particular gene familes that are of interest, particularly genes on the sex chromosome, to understand how the different evolutionary pressures on the sex chromosomes impacts their gene content.

Qualifications

  • PhD in Genetics University of Kent, (2009)

  • BSc (Hons) in Biochemistry University of Kent, (2005)

Appointments

University of Essex

  • Lecturer, School of Life Sciences, University of Essex (1/7/2019 - present)

Other academic

  • Research Associate, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge (5/8/2009 - 5/7/2019)

Research and professional activities

Research interests

Analysis of biological shapes

I am interested in the organisation and evolution of genome structure, particularly relating to the shape of nuclei. Cell nuclei can adopt a variety of shapes, depending on species and cell type, and alterations to shape can give information on the cell's genetic constitution. Much of my research has involved developing image analysis tools to allow us to quantify shapes from microscopy images in a rapid, automated, and unbiased manner. We are now exploring how to use these tools to measure other biologically interesting shapes - e.g. stomata

Key words: Fertility
Open to supervise

Evolution of sex chromosomes

Key words: Evolution
Open to supervise

Phylogenetics of fertility related genes

Genes on the sex chromosomes are subject to very different evolutionary pressures than genes in the rest of the genome. We explore the phylogenetics of sex linked genes to understand how they have evolved, and how this relates to fertility

Key words: Fertility
Open to supervise

Conferences and presentations

Image warping for assessing chromatin organisation in asymmetric nuclei

Invited presentation, International Chromosome Conference / International Colloquium on Animal Cytogenetics and Genomics, Virtual conference, 14/7/2021

Teaching and supervision

Current teaching responsibilities

  • Genetics and Evolution (BS102)

  • Transferable Skills in Life Sciences (BS143)

  • Computational Data Analysis: R for Life Sciences (BS231)

  • Principles of Molecular Virology (BS310)

  • Human Molecular Genetics (BS320)

  • Research Project in Biomedical Science (BS831)

  • Analysis of Genomic Data (BS939)

  • Genomics (BS982)

Previous supervision

Eleanor Mary Watson
Eleanor Mary Watson
Thesis title: The Use of Novel Bioinformatic Approaches to Understand the Sex-Linked Vs Autosomal Contributions to Mouse Sperm Development.
Degree subject: Biological Sciences
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 15/5/2023
Sarah Louise Quigley
Sarah Louise Quigley
Thesis title: Am I Repeating Myself? Determining the Repetitive Landscape of the Pig X Chromosome
Degree subject: Biological Sciences
Degree type: Master of Science (by Dissertation)
Awarded date: 11/2/2022

Publications

Publications (2)

Skinner, BM., Viotti, M., Griffin, DK. and Ellis, PJI., (2023). Explaining the counter-intuitive effectiveness of trophectoderm biopsy for PGT-A using computational modelling

Kopania, EEK., Watson, EM., Rathje, CC., Skinner, BM., Ellis, PJI., Larson, EL. and Good, JM., (2022). The contribution of sex chromosome conflict to disrupted spermatogenesis in hybrid house mice

Journal articles (36)

Skinner, BM., Viotti, M., Griffin, DK. and Ellis, PJI., (2024). Explaining the counter-intuitive effectiveness of trophectoderm biopsy for PGT-A using computational modelling. eLife

Jones, EJ., Skinner, BM., Parker, A., Baldwin, LR., Greenman, J., Carding, SR. and Funnell, SGP., (2024). An in vitro multi-organ microphysiological system (MPS) to investigate the gut-to-brain translocation of neurotoxins.. Biomicrofluidics. 18 (5), 054105-

Aryee, SND., Owusu-Adjei, D., Osei-Amponsah, R., Skinner, BM., Amuzu-Aweh, EN., Ahunu, B., Enright, A. and Sargent, CA., (2024). Population Structure and Genomic Characterisation of the Ashanti Dwarf Pig of Ghana.. Animals. 14 (5), 792-792

Skinner, BM., (2022). Nuclear Morphology Analysis 2.0.0: Improved image analysis software for measuring nuclear shape. Journal of Open Source Software. 7 (79), 4767-4767

Kopania, EEK., Watson, EM., Rathje, CC., Skinner, BM., Ellis, PJI., Larson, EL. and Good, JM., (2022). The contribution of sex chromosome conflict to disrupted spermatogenesis in hybrid house mice.. Genetics. 222 (4), iyac151-

Bergero, R., Ellis, P., Haerty, W., Larcombe, L., Macaulay, I., Mehta, T., Mogensen, M., Murray, D., Nash, W., Neale, MJ., O'Connor, R., Ottolini, C., Peel, N., Ramsey, L., Skinner, B., Suh, A., Summers, M., Sun, Y., Tidy, A., Rahbari, R., Rathje, C. and Immler, S., (2021). Meiosis and beyond – understanding the mechanistic and evolutionary processes shaping the germline genome. Biological Reviews. 96 (3), 822-841

Quilter, CR., Harvey, KM., Bauer, J., Skinner, BM., Gomez, M., Shrivastava, M., Doel, AM., Drammeh, S., Dunger, DB., Moore, SE., Ong, KK., Prentice, AM., Bernstein, RM., Sargent, CA. and Affara, NA., (2021). Identification of methylation changes associated with positive and negative growth deviance in Gambian infants using a targeted methyl sequencing approach of genomic DNA. FASEB BioAdvances. 3 (4), 205-230

Alshaker, H., Mills, R., Hunter, E., Salter, M., Ramadass, A., Skinner, BM., Westra, W., Green, J., Akoulitchev, A., Winkler, M. and Pchejetski, D., (2021). Chromatin conformation changes in peripheral blood can detect prostate cancer and stratify disease risk groups. Journal of Translational Medicine. 19 (1), 46-

Aryee, SND., Owusu-Adjei, D., Osei-Amponsah, R., Skinner, B., Sowatey, E. and Sargent, CA., (2021). Sustainable genomic research for food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Agriculture & Food Security. 10 (1)

Turner, KJ., Watson, EM., Skinner, BM. and Griffin, DK., (2021). Telomere Distribution in Human Sperm Heads and Its Relation to Sperm Nuclear Morphology: A New Marker for Male Factor Infertility?. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22 (14), 7599-7599

Warr, A., Affara, N., Aken, B., Beiki, H., Bickhart, DM., Billis, K., Chow, W., Eory, L., Finlayson, HA., Flicek, P., Girón, CG., Griffin, DK., Hall, R., Hannum, G., Hourlier, T., Howe, K., Hume, DA., Izuogu, O., Kim, K., Koren, S., Liu, H., Manchanda, N., Martin, FJ., Nonneman, DJ., O'Connor, RE., Phillippy, AM., Rohrer, GA., Rosen, BD., Rund, LA., Sargent, CA., Schook, LB., Schroeder, SG., Schwartz, AS., Skinner, BM., Talbot, R., Tseng, E., Tuggle, CK., Watson, M., Smith, TPL. and Archibald, AL., (2020). An improved pig reference genome sequence to enable pig genetics and genomics research. GigaScience. 9 (6), giaa051-

Skinner, BM., Rathje, CC., Bacon, J., Johnson, EEP., Larson, EL., Kopania, EEK., Good, JM., Yousafzai, G., Affara, NA. and Ellis, PJI., (2019). A high-throughput method for unbiased quantitation and categorization of nuclear morphology. Biology of Reproduction. 100 (5), 1250-1260

Skinner, BM., Bacon, J., Rathje, CC., Larson, EL., Kopania, EEK., Good, JM., Affara, NA. and Ellis, PJI., (2019). Automated Nuclear Cartography Reveals Conserved Sperm Chromosome Territory Localization across 2 Million Years of Mouse Evolution. Genes. 10 (2), 109-109

O’Connor, RE., Kiazim, L., Skinner, B., Fonseka, G., Joseph, S., Jennings, R., Larkin, DM. and Griffin, DK., (2019). Patterns of microchromosome organization remain highly conserved throughout avian evolution. Chromosoma. 128 (1), 21-29

Rathje, CC., Johnson, EEP., Drage, D., Patinioti, C., Silvestri, G., Affara, NA., Ialy-Radio, C., Cocquet, J., Skinner, BM. and Ellis, PJI., (2019). Differential Sperm Motility Mediates the Sex Ratio Drive Shaping Mouse Sex Chromosome Evolution. Current Biology. 29 (21), 3692-3698

Rathje, CC., Randle, SJ., Al Rawi, S., Skinner, BM., Nelson, DE., Majumdar, A., Johnson, EEP., Bacon, J., Vlazaki, M., Affara, NA., Ellis, PJ. and Laman, H., (2019). A Conserved Requirement for Fbxo7 During Male Germ Cell Cytoplasmic Remodeling. Frontiers in Physiology. 10, 1278-

Mandawala, AA., Skinner, BM., Walling, GA., Harvey, KE. and Harvey, SC., (2018). Sperm morphology differences associated with pig fertility

Skinner, BM. and Johnson, EEP., (2017). Nuclear morphologies: their diversity and functional relevance. Chromosoma. 126 (2), 195-212

Osei-Amponsah, R., Skinner, BM., Adjei, DO., Bauer, J., Larson, G., Affara, NA. and Sargent, CA., (2017). Origin and phylogenetic status of the local Ashanti Dwarf pig (ADP) of Ghana based on genetic analysis.. BMC Genomics. 18 (1), 193-

Skinner, BM., Sargent, CA., Churcher, C., Hunt, T., Herrero, J., Loveland, JE., Dunn, M., Louzada, S., Fu, B., Chow, W., Gilbert, J., Austin-Guest, S., Beal, K., Carvalho-Silva, D., Cheng, W., Gordon, D., Grafham, D., Hardy, M., Harley, J., Hauser, H., Howden, P., Howe, K., Lachani, K., Ellis, PJI., Kelly, D., Kerry, G., Kerwin, J., Ng, BL., Threadgold, G., Wileman, T., Wood, JMD., Yang, F., Harrow, J., Affara, NA. and Tyler-Smith, C., (2016). The pig X and Y Chromosomes: structure, sequence, and evolution. Genome Research. 26 (1), 130-139

Skinner, BM., Lachani, K., Sargent, CA., Yang, F., Ellis, P., Hunt, T., Fu, B., Louzada, S., Churcher, C., Tyler-Smith, C. and Affara, NA., (2015). Expansion of the HSFY gene family in pig lineages. BMC Genomics. 16 (1), 442-

Quilter, CR., Cooper, WN., Cliffe, KM., Skinner, BM., Prentice, PM., Nelson, L., Bauer, J., Ong, KK., Constância, M., Lowe, WL., Affara, NA. and Dunger, DB., (2014). Impact on offspring methylation patterns of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth restraint suggest common genes and pathways linked to subsequent type 2 diabetes risk. The FASEB Journal. 28 (11), 4868-4879

Skinner, BM., Al Mutery, A., Smith, D., Völker, M., Hojjat, N., Raja, S., Trim, S., Houde, P., Boecklen, WJ. and Griffin, DK., (2014). Global patterns of apparent copy number variation in birds revealed by cross-species comparative genomic hybridization. Chromosome Research. 22 (1), 59-70

Lithgow, PE., O’Connor, R., Smith, D., Fonseka, G., Al Mutery, A., Rathje, C., Frodsham, R., O’Brien, P., Kasai, F., Ferguson-Smith, MA., Skinner, BM. and Griffin, DK., (2014). Novel tools for characterising inter and intra chromosomal rearrangements in avian microchromosomes. Chromosome Research. 22 (1), 85-97

Romanov, MN., Farré, M., Lithgow, PE., Fowler, KE., Skinner, BM., O’Connor, R., Fonseka, G., Backström, N., Matsuda, Y., Nishida, C., Houde, P., Jarvis, ED., Ellegren, H., Burt, DW., Larkin, DM. and Griffin, DK., (2014). Reconstruction of gross avian genome structure, organization and evolution suggests that the chicken lineage most closely resembles the dinosaur avian ancestor. BMC Genomics. 15 (1), 1060-

Ellis, PJI., Morris, TJ., Skinner, BM., Sargent, CA., Vickers, MH., Gluckman, PD., Gilmour, S. and Affara, NA., (2014). Thrifty metabolic programming in rats is induced by both maternal undernutrition and postnatal leptin treatment, but masked in the presence of both: implications for models of developmental programming. BMC Genomics. 15 (1), 49-

Skinner, BM., Lachani, K., Sargent, CA. and Affara, NA., (2013). Regions of XY homology in the pig X chromosome and the boundary of the pseudoautosomal region. BMC Genetics. 14 (1), 1-7

Khulan, B., Cooper, WN., Skinner, BM., Bauer, J., Owens, S., Prentice, AM., Belteki, G., Constancia, M., Dunger, D. and Affara, NA., (2012). Periconceptional maternal micronutrient supplementation is associated with widespread gender related changes in the epigenome: a study of a unique resource in the Gambia. Human Molecular Genetics. 21 (9), 2086-2101

Skinner, BM. and Griffin, DK., (2012). Intrachromosomal rearrangements in avian genome evolution: evidence for regions prone to breakpoints. Heredity. 108 (1), 37-41

Völker, M., Backström, N., Skinner, BM., Langley, EJ., Bunzey, SK., Ellegren, H. and Griffin, DK., (2010). Copy number variation, chromosome rearrangement, and their association with recombination during avian evolution. Genome Research. 20 (4), 503-511

Warren, WC., Clayton, DF., Ellegren, H., Arnold, AP., Hillier, LW., Künstner, A., Searle, S., White, S., Vilella, AJ., Fairley, S., Heger, A., Kong, L., Ponting, CP., Jarvis, ED., Mello, CV., Minx, P., Lovell, P., Velho, TAF., Ferris, M., Balakrishnan, CN., Sinha, S., Blatti, C., London, SE., Li, Y., Lin, Y-C., George, J., Sweedler, J., Southey, B., Gunaratne, P., Watson, M., Nam, K., Backström, N., Smeds, L., Nabholz, B., Itoh, Y., Whitney, O., Pfenning, AR., Howard, J., Völker, M., Skinner, BM., Griffin, DK., Ye, L., McLaren, WM., Flicek, P., Quesada, V., Velasco, G., Lopez-Otin, C., Puente, XS., Olender, T., Lancet, D., Smit, AFA., Hubley, R., Konkel, MK., Walker, JA., Batzer, MA., Gu, W., Pollock, DD., Chen, L., Cheng, Z., Eichler, EE., Stapley, J., Slate, J., Ekblom, R., Birkhead, T., Burke, T., Burt, D., Scharff, C., Adam, I., Richard, H., Sultan, M., Soldatov, A., Lehrach, H., Edwards, SV., Yang, S-P., Li, X., Graves, T., Fulton, L., Nelson, J., Chinwalla, A., Hou, S., Mardis, ER. and Wilson, RK., (2010). The genome of a songbird. Nature. 464 (7289), 757-762

Skinner, BM., Völker, M., Ellis, M. and Griffin, DK., (2009). An Appraisal of Nuclear Organisation in Interphase Embryonic Fibroblasts of Chicken, Turkey and Duck. Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 126 (1-2), 156-164

Skinner, BM., Robertson, LBW., Tempest, HG., Langley, EJ., Ioannou, D., Fowler, KE., Crooijmans, RPMA., Hall, AD., Griffin, DK. and Völker, M., (2009). Comparative genomics in chicken and Pekin duck using FISH mapping and microarray analysis. BMC Genomics. 10 (1), 357-

Ioannou, D., Tempest, HG., Skinner, BM., Thornhill, AR., Ellis, M. and Griffin, DK., (2009). Quantum dots as new-generation fluorochromes for FISH: an appraisal. Chromosome Research. 17 (4), 519-530

Griffin, DK., Robertson, LBW., Tempest, HG. and Skinner, BM., (2007). The evolution of the avian genome as revealed by comparative molecular cytogenetics. Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 117 (1-4), 64-77

Morris, WB., Stephenson, JE., Robertson, LBW., Turner, K., Brown, H., Ioannou, D., Tempest, HG., Skinner, BM. and Griffin, DK., (2007). Practicable approaches to facilitate rapid and accurate molecular cytogenetic mapping in birds and mammals. Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 117 (1-4), 36-42

Conferences (20)

Johnson, EEP., Skinner, BM., Ellis, PJL. and Affara, NA., (2016). Sex Ratio Distortion in a Y Chromosome Deletion Model

Skinner, BM., Johnson, EEP., Rathje, CC. and Ellis, PJI., (2016). Nuclear Morphology and Fertility in Mouse Sperm

Ellis, PJI., Rathje, CC., Mills, BP., Yousafzai, G., Silvestri, G., Stewart, V., Larson, EL., Good, JM. and Skinner, BM., (2016). Quantitative Morphometric Analysis as a Tool for Investigating the Evolution of Sperm Morphology and Nuclear Organisation in Mouse

Lithgow, PE., O'Connor, RE., Smith, D., Fonseka, G., Al Mutery, A., Rathje, C., Frodsham, R., O'Brien, P., Ferguson-Smith, MA., Skinner, BM. and Griffin, DK., (2015). Inter and intra chromosomal rearrangements in avian microchromosomes

Romanov, MN., Farre, M., Lithgow, PE., O'Connor, R., Fowler, KE., Skinner, BM., Larkin, DM. and Griffin, DK., (2015). Avian ancestral karyotype reconstruction and differential rates of inter-and intra-chromosomal change in different lineages

Skinner, BM., Ellis, PJI., Johnson, EE. and Affara, NA., (2015). Mapping chromosome positions with 'sperm cartography'

Johnson, EEP., Skinner, BM., Ellis, PJI. and Affara, NA., (2015). Investigating physiological and molecular mechanisms of sex ratio distortion

Skinner, BM., Sargent, CA., Yang, F., Lachani, K., Fu, B., Ellis, PJI., Pereira, SLG., Churcher, C., Tyler-Smith, C. and Affara, NA., (2015). A first generation sequence assembly of the pig Y chromosome

Griffin, DK., Voelker, ME., Trim, SA. and Skinner, BM., (2010). Avian "Chromonomics" the bird genome from the chromosome's point of view

Voelker, M., Skinner, BM., Langley, EJ., Bunzey, SK., Gera, C. and Griffin, DK., (2009). How conserved are bird genomes? Insights from the chicken and zebra finch genome projects

Skinner, BM., Robertson, LBW., Tempest, HG., Langley, EJ., Ioannou, D., Fowler, KE., Crooijmans, RPMA., Hall, AD., Griffin, DK. and Voelker, ME., (2009). Comparative genomics in chicken and Pekin duck using FISH mapping and microarray analysis

Skinner, BM., Voelker, M., Al Mutery, A. and Griffin, DK., (2009). An overview of copy number variation in birds

Ioannou, D., Tempest, HG., Skinner, BM., Thornhill, AR., Ellis, M. and Griffin, DK., (2009). Quantum dots as new-generation fluorochromes for FISH: an appraisal

Skinner, BM., Voelker, M., Ellis, M. and Griffin, DK., (2009). A detailed appraisal of nuclear organization in chicken embryonic fibroblasts and comparative genomics in turkey and duck

Volker, M., Skinner, BM., Tempest, HG. and Griffin, DK., (2008). Evolution of the avian genome as revealed by molecular cytogenetics

Skinner, BM., Volker, M., Fonseka, GL., Ellis, M. and Griffin, DK., (2008). Nuclear (genome) organisation and comparative genomics in birds

Fonseka, GL., Ioannou, D., Skinner, BM., Ellis, M. and Griffin, DK., (2008). Manual vs. automated methods to assess nuclear organisation

Fowler, KE., Skinner, BM., Robertson, LBW., Tempest, HG., Volker, M. and Griffin, DK., (2008). Molecular cytogenetic maps of turkey, duck and zebra finch and their implications for genome evolution

Morris, W., Stephenson, J., Robertson, L., Turner, K., Brown, H., Ioannou, D., Tempest, H., Skinner, B. and Griffin, D., (2007). Computer based learning approaches to facilitate rapid and accurate molecular cytogenetic mapping in birds and mammals

Cheng, R., Finch, K., Skinner, B. and Griffin, D., (2007). Sperm aneuploidy screening in ICSI males: To automate or not to automate

Reports and Papers (1)

Skinner, BM., Bacon, J., Rathje, CC., Larson, EL., Kopania, EEK., Good, JM., Affara, NA. and Ellis, PJI., (2019). Automated nuclear cartography reveals conserved sperm chromosome territory localization across 2 million years of mouse evolution

Grants and funding

2019

Development of an in-vitro model for Parkinson's disease

University of Essex

Contact

b.skinner@essex.ac.uk
+44 (0) 1206 874868

Location:

3SW.6.18, Colchester Campus

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