Hazardous substances safety
Hazardous substances are handled and stored across the University in a range of departments. Some substances can cause short term and/or long-term health effects and could cause fire and environmental hazards. All departments that handle hazardous substances must ensure that the risks to the health of staff, students and others are adequately managed.
The Hazardous Substance Safety Policy (.pdf, Essex sign in required) clearly sets out the expectation for these controls and procedures and covers academic and non-academic areas. The Policy covers all aspects of hazardous substance safety management including:
- procurement
- inventory
- procedures
- safety data sheets
- risk assessment
- control measures
- storage
- waste disposal
- transport
- emergency procedures.
The Hazardous Substance Safety Quick Guide (.docx) gives a summary of the actions that you need to take to ensure that you are complying with the Policy.
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)
The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) requires that risks arising from substances that are hazardous to health are prevented or controlled (where prevention is not reasonably practicable).
If you are responsible for work that may expose people to harmful substances, you will need to make sure you have carried out a COSHH assessment before work starts.
COSHH assessment
A COSHH assessment is a type of
You can use this COSHH assessment template (.docx) or an equivalent template, to record your assessment.
Once the COSHH assessment is completed, make sure you implement the control measures and communicate the assessment findings to the people at risk.
1. Identify the substances present
The first step is to create an inventory of the harmful substances that are in your area of responsibility. Here are some suggestions to get you started.
Please use the inventory template (.xlsx) to record your inventory
- Walk around your workplace. What hazardous substances are there? Where are they? Think about chemicals, products or mixtures, fumes, dusts, vapours, mists, liquids, gases, and asphyxiating gases. Also consider biological agents and nanotechnology.
- Which tasks could lead to exposure? Include the intended use and by-products, storage, handling, transportation, waste disposal, cleaning, and maintenance in your task list. Think about the activities carried out, such as pouring, packing, weighing or dilution. Consider possible emergency situations, e.g., the accidental release of a substance or a spillage.
- Are there any areas of concern? Think about accidents or near misses involving hazardous substances.
Specialist advice
- COSHH and your industry - HSE industry-specific information and case studies.
- HSE direct advice sheets for tasks and processes in industry.
There are some hazardous substances that are covered by separate procedures so do not normally need to be included on the COSHH assessment. They are
If you handle significant quantities of flammable substances, you may need to do a separate
2. Identify the substance hazards
Once you have identified your substance you need to find out how it is harmful to health. If it is a chemical, the safety data sheet and hazard label provide information on the hazards and the handling, storage and emergency measures needed. They are provided by the supplier and must be up to date. Industry information will help in gathering information about biological agents or natural products like flour and wood dust.
The safety data sheet itself is not the COSHH assessment. The COSHH assessment is a product of the substance’s hazard information, how you are exposed and your control measures to reduce the risk.
Safety data sheets and labels have pictograms, signal words, hazard statements (phrases that describe the nature of the hazard) and precautionary statements (phrases that describe recommended measures to prevent harm) which follow a standard international labelling system.
3. Find out who could be exposed and how
Understanding how people are exposed to the substance and how it enters the body can inform you on the range of control measures needed to reduce exposure. Hazardous substances can enter the body by:
- ingestion
- inhalation
- absorption through skin and eyes
- accidental injection
Once you know the routes of entry, consider the number and types of people who could be harmed through direct or indirect exposure. Direct exposure is when someone knowingly handles the substance or is aware that it's present as part of their work activity. Indirect exposure might happen when someone is exposed through an unrelated activity, such as cleaning, maintenance, responding to an emergency situation or working nearby.
In both cases, the nature of exposure needs to be assessed by
establishing the likelihood and the frequency of exposure, along with the levels
people are exposed to and for how long. Additional consideration must be made
for
4. Control measures and health surveillance
Now you know the risk posed by the substances in your workplace and the nature of exposure, choose control measures to prevent or adequately control exposure.
Control measures
When considering control measures, think about how you can reduce the likelihood of exposure and the harm and consequences if exposure occurs. Include control measures for emergency situations as well. You must consider control measures in order of priority and effectiveness.
- Eliminate the substance. If you do not need it, safely remove it from the workplace.
- Substance substitution. This is using alternative substances that are less hazardous or using another process that does not create a hazardous form.
- Engineering controls that enclose the process using full and partial enclosures.
- Extract emissions at source, for example, local exhaust ventilation (LEV). LEV needs periodic thorough examination and testing and records kept.
- Limit the number of people in harm’s way as much as possible. This can be authorised people only and permit to work procedures.
- Provide personal protective equipment.
- Training for employees. The people at risk get the right information at the right time to stay safe. Some training courses may also require refresher training.
You will also need to consider what else is required to make sure your control measures are maintained, inspected and replaced when they are damaged or expired. In some cases, you will need to arrange for monitoring to be carried out to ensure your control measures are working well.
Health surveillance
Health surveillance involves ongoing health checks designed to detect ill-health effects from specific identified hazards. It is required when:
- there is a disease associated with the substance in use (e.g. Asthma, Dermatitis, Cancers);
- it is possible to detect the disease or adverse change and reduce the risk of further harm;
- the conditions in the workplace make it likely that the disease will appear.
If you use or create substances that are respiratory or skin sensitisers or potential carcinogens, health surveillance will be required unless control measures are robust enough to prevent exposure.
Your COSHH assessment should identify whether health surveillance is required. Find out more about the types of health surveillance required and the purpose of health surveillance.
If you need help with COSHH assessment you can contact the Health and Safety team.
If you think you may need health surveillance for your hazardous substances, email the Occupational Health Service for advice.
